| 1 | Avifauna of the mangroves around Ratnagiri, Maharashtra The avifauna related to the mangrove forests around Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India was studied. The bird observations were made mainly between 6-8 a.m. and 4-6 p.m. during the post monsoon season. The visual observations were made with the help of standard 8x40 and 7x50 wide angle binoculars. 121 bird species recorded during the field observations belonged to 82 genera, 7-sub-families, 39 families and 13 orders. The resident and local migrant birds dominated the avifauna. There was a significant influence of the terrestrial bird species on the avifauna of the mangrove ecosystem around Ratnagiri. It was observed that proximity to terrestrial communities increased the diversity of arboreal species, whereas proximity to open areas increased likelihood of birds of prey Source: Samant, J.S. The Mangroves: Proceedings of National Symposium on Biology, Utilization and Conservation of Mangroves, Nov. 18-20, 1985. Bhosale, L.J. ed. 1986; 456-466. 0349. | ||
| 2 | Status of terrestrial flora and fauna at four lagoon sites of Bombay coast Terrestrial flora and fauna of four aerated lagoon sites, namely Versova, Malad, Bhandup and Ghatkopar of Bombay Coast, India were studied in 1990 prior to construction of lagoons. The sites represented six and 26 varieties of mangroves and avifauna respectively besides a large number of miscellaneous vegetations, invertebrates and vertebrates. Diversity, density, dominance and frequency of mangroves species revealed that Avicennia marina was most important species in these regions. However, density of Acanthus ilicifolius was higher at Versova. While considering vegetation cover, Ghatkopar emerged with highest score of cover abundance scale Source: Ghosh, T.K.; Patil, M.M.; Thakur, S.G. Environ. Ecol.. 12(2); 1994; 387-392. 0837. | ||
| 3 | Bhitarkanika - A biological paradox The information on the biological diversity of Bhitarkanika, Kendrapara, Orissa, India has been described. The physiography, vegetation and faunal distribution of the mangrove forest were discussed. The need to establish this area as a Biosphere Reserve is highlighted Source: Behura, B.K. Bhitarkanika: The wonderland of Orissa. Behura, B.K. ed. 1999; 44-68. 1064. | ||
| 4 | Bhitarkanika: Myth and reality.This part deals with birds and mammals. The world famous wildlife sanctuary Bhitarkanika, Kendrapara, Orissa, India was studied. The mangrove ecosystem, its importance; floral diversity including morphological and anatomical adaptations in mangrove plants, physiological adaptations, silvicultural features; faunal diversity and some special features of Bhitarkanika has been described. Besides this special conservation efforts like salt water crocodile conservation and management project and sea-turtle conservation and management project, legal provisions and some management issues and possible solutions has been suggested Source: Chadha, S.; Kar, C.S. 1999; 388; pp. 1194. | ||
| 5 | Avian diversity in and around mangroves of Mahul Creek, Mumbai, India The study carried out during July 2001-May 2002 at Mahul Creek, Maharashtra, India was aimed to examine the avian diversity in and around the mangrove forest. The avian community structure and concomitant population fluctuations were determined by weekly absolute counts of birds along the fixed transect. The area supported a fairly large number ot migratory birds during winter. The maximum bird species diversity was recorded during winter (H'=4.06) and minimum during summer (H'=2.97). A total of 134 species of birds, belonging to 14 orders and 37 families were recorded. Of the total bird species, 36% bird species were long distant migrants from as far as Arctic Circle and rest of the avifauna consisted of resident bird species (28%), local migrants (24%) and resident migrants (11%). Shore birds, bulbuls, starlings, shrikes and warblers formed the bulk of the population. Globally threatened birds as Greater Spotted Eagle, Eastern Imperial Eagle, White-backed Vulture, Oriental White Ibis and Lesser Flamingo were also recorded. The mangrove forest showed the highest bird species richness (0=29.9) but had low species diversity (H'=2.87). Rainfall, tidal water availability, fruiting seasonality, chemical pollution and anthropogenic activities like salt works and woodcutting affected the bird population. Source: Verma, A.; Chaturvedi, N.; Balachandran, S.; Kehimkar, I. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Creeks, Estuaries and Mangroves - Pollution and Conservation, 28th to 30th November, 2002, Thane. Quadros, G. ed. 2002; 266-275. 1236. | ||
| 6 | Species diversity of avifauna at Thane Creek near Rutuchakkra nature park The species diversity and density of birds of the mangroves, mudflats and near by reclaimed land at Thane creek near Rutuchakkra Nature Park, Marashtra, India (72 degrees 55 minutes to 73 degrees 00 E longitude and 19 degrees 00 to 19 degrees 15 minutes latitude) was studied at weekly intervals from September 2000 to March 2002. At low tide, exposed mudflats served ideal feeding grounds for winter visitors, like Little Stint, Common Sandpiper, Red Shanks, Plovers etc. Mudflats were separated by thin water currents and bordered by dense mangroves like Avicennia marina, A. officinalis etc. and reclaimed land. At few places mangrove patches were seen as islands. The mudflats and near by area harboured a total of 69 species of birds belonging to 26 families and 12 orders, of which 32 species were wetland inhabitants. Charadriforms formed the largest group inhabiting the estuarine wetland. Maximum species diversity was observed in the month of December 2000 (49 species). Some rare visitors like Avocet (Recurvirostra avocetta) was also noted at the site, which is one of the important bird species according to IBA (Important Bird Area) declaration. The present study comprised of a survey of avifauna of Thane creek (Rutuchakkra Park), which will be useful in providing base line data, for planning effective management to study bird diversity with respect to development of Rutuchakkra Nature Park and pollution load on the creek. Source: Nitsure, S.R.; Pejaver, M. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Creeks, Estuaries and Mangroves - Pollution and Conservation, 28th to 30th November, 2002, Thane. Quadros, G. ed. 2002; 276-282. 1237. | ||
| 7 | Fauna of conservation areas: A general account of the mangrove fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India (Part: Vertebrates) The mangrove fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India was studied in detail during 1978-83. Both marine and terrestrial fauna of mangroves of the Bay Islands have been described. An account of mangrove borers and galls, faunal zonations in the mangroves and results of quantitative studies of some mangrove inhabiting crabs of South Andaman Islands are also described Source: Das, A.K.; Roy, M.K.D. 1989; 173; pp. 1351.
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